1. Access Control System – Overview
An access control system regulates who can enter or exit a facility, at what time, and through which entry points. It is commonly used in commercial buildings, industrial facilities, campuses, and critical infrastructure.
Typical components
Access control panel / controller
Readers (RFID, biometric, keypad, mobile/NFC)
Credentials (cards, fobs, biometrics)
Door hardware (electromagnetic locks, electric strikes, door closers)
Sensors (door contact, request-to-exit)
Power supply and backup (SMPS, battery)
Software (on-premise or cloud-based)
2. Installation of Access Control Systems
2.1 Pre-Installation Planning
Site survey and risk assessment
Identification of controlled doors and zones
Selection of access technology (card, biometric, multi-factor)
Integration requirements (CCTV, fire alarm, BMS, elevators)
Compliance with local fire and life-safety codes
2.2 Hardware Installation
Mounting readers at ergonomic height (typically 1.2–1.4 m)
Installing electric locks or strikes as per door type
Fixing door sensors and exit buttons
Installing control panels in secure, ventilated enclosures
Routing low-voltage cabling (CAT6, RS-485, power) using conduits/trays
2.3 Software Configuration
Programming access levels and time schedules
Enrolling users and credentials
Configuring alarms, logs, and reports
Testing integrations (fire alarm door release, CCTV linkage)
2.4 Testing and Commissioning
Functional testing of each door
Power failure and battery backup testing
Fail-safe / fail-secure verification
User acceptance testing and handover documentation
3. Maintenance of Access Control Systems
3.1 Preventive Maintenance
Performed monthly or quarterly:
Inspect readers, locks, and cabling
Clean biometric sensors and card readers
Test door alignment and locking force
Verify battery health and power supply output
Check event logs and system performance
3.2 Corrective Maintenance
Replacement of faulty readers or locks
Repair of damaged cables or connectors
Software bug fixes and reconfiguration
Credential replacement or re-enrollment
3.3 Software and Security Maintenance
Firmware and software updates
Database backup and recovery testing
Review of access rights (especially for ex-employees)
Cybersecurity hardening for IP-based systems
4. Safety and Compliance Considerations
Doors must unlock automatically during fire alarm activation
Emergency exits must comply with life-safety regulations
Electrical installations should follow relevant IS/IEC standards
Data protection for biometric information
5. Common Applications
Office buildings and IT parks
Hospitals and educational institutions
Industrial plants and warehouses
Residential complexes
Airports and metro stations